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Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation
Author(s) -
Ratner Dmitry,
Orning M. Pontus A.,
Lien Egil
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r
Subject(s) - inflammasome , secretion , innate immune system , biology , effector , microbiology and biotechnology , inflammation , immune system , signal transduction , aim2 , immunology , biochemistry
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram‐negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase‐1‐activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18, key participants of anti‐bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system‐mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.