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The RP105/MD‐1 complex: molecular signaling mechanisms and pathophysiological implications
Author(s) -
Schultz Thomas E.,
Blumenthal Antje
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.2vmr1215-582r
Subject(s) - biology , tlr2 , signal transduction , inflammation , immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , tlr4 , intracellular , immunology , cell signaling , toll like receptor , innate immune system
Radioprotective 105 kDa (CD180) is an unusual TLR that lacks an intracellular Toll‐IL‐1R signaling domain and exhibits unconventional homodimerization behavior. Differential expression and functions of radioprotective 105 kDa have been associated with immune‐mediated pathologies, including infection, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. Radioprotective 105 kDa activates macrophages and B cells independently of canonical TLR signaling. Current understanding of the functional consequences of radioprotective 105 kDa signaling in B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells indicates overlapping, but also some apparent opposing, cell‐specific roles for radioprotective 105 kDa in shaping cellular functions. This review compares interactions of radioprotective 105 kDa with its coreceptors, CD19, TLR4, and TLR2; integrates recent, novel findings on radioprotective 105 kDa‐mediated molecular signaling mechanisms; and summarizes current understanding of its contributions to infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disease.