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Controlling the Toll road to dendritic cell polarization
Author(s) -
Mazzoni Alessandra,
Segal David M.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.1003482
Subject(s) - biology , immune system , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , dendritic cell , innate lymphoid cell , effector , major histocompatibility complex , toll like receptor , t cell , innate immune system
The activation of dendritic cells (DC) via Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) plays a decisive role in shaping the outcome of primary immune responses. Following TLR engagement by microbial products, DC migrate from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs and up‐regulate major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules, acquiring the unique capacity to prime pathogen‐specific, naïve T cells. In addition, DC determine the character of the ensuing immune response by secreting cytokines that drive the development of T cells into T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2, or T regulatory effector cells. Three major factors influence the pattern of cytokines released by DC and accordingly, the Th balance: the lineage to which DC belong; the maturation stimulus; and inflammatory mediators present at the site of infection. A major focus of this review is the capacity of DC to integrate these factors and elicit distinct classes of immune responses.