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Regulatory T cell‐mediated suppression: potential role of ICER
Author(s) -
Bodor Josef,
Fehervari Zoltan,
Diamond Betty,
Sakaguchi Shimon
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.0706474
Subject(s) - biology , microbiology and biotechnology , il 2 receptor , secretion , cytokine , t cell , immunology , immune system , endocrinology
How regulatory T (T R ) cells dampen T cell responses remains unclear. Multiple modes of action have been proposed, including cell contact‐dependent and/or cytokine‐dependent mechanisms. Suppression may involve direct contact between T R cells and responder T cells. Alternatively, T R cells may act on dendritic cells to reduce their abiity to prime T cells by modulating costimulation, inducing the secretion of suppressive cytokines or the increase of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we review emerging, novel mechanisms involved in contact‐dependent, T R ‐mediated suppression of IL‐2 production in responder CD25 − T lymphocytes and the potential involvement of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) in this suppression. Finally, cytokines such as TGF‐β and IL‐10, produced by T R cells or other cells, may exert local suppression, which can be conveyed by basic mechanism(s) acting in a similar manner as contact‐dependent, T R ‐mediated suppression.