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Development and functional consequences of LPS tolerance in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver
Author(s) -
Uhrig Anja,
Banafsche Ramin,
Kremer Michael,
Hegenbarth Silke,
Hamann Alf,
Neurath Markus,
Gerken Guido,
Limmer Andreas,
Knolle Percy A.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.0604332
Subject(s) - biology , lipopolysaccharide , tlr4 , cd14 , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , immune tolerance , kupffer cell , stimulation , immunology , scavenger receptor , tumor necrosis factor alpha , immune system , endocrinology , lipoprotein , cholesterol
Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) clear portal venous blood from gut‐derived bacterial degradation products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) without inducing a local inflammatory reaction. LPS tolerance was reported for Kupffer cells, but little is known whether sensitivity of LSEC toward LPS is dynamically regulated. Here, we demonstrate that LSEC react to LPS directly as a function of constitutive Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/CD14 expression but gain a LPS‐refractory state upon repetitive stimulation without loss of scavenger activity. LPS tolerance in LSEC is characterized by reduced nuclear localization of nuclear factor‐κB upon LPS rechallenge. In contrast to monocytes, however, TLR4 surface expression of LSEC is not altered by LPS stimulation and thus does not account for LPS tolerance. Mechanistically, LPS tolerance in LSEC is linked to prostanoid production and may account for cross‐tolerance of LPS‐treated LSEC to interferon‐γ stimulation. Functionally, LPS tolerance in LSEC results in reduced leukocyte adhesion following LPS rechallenge as a consequence of decreased CD54 surface expression. Furthermore, LPS tolerance is operative in vivo, as we observed by intravital microscopy‐reduced leukocyte adhesion to LSEC and improved sinusoidal microcirculation in the liver after repetitive LPS challenges. Our results support the notion that LPS tolerance in organ‐resident scavenger LSEC contributes to local hepatic control of inflammation.