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Cellular reprogramming by gram‐positive bacterial components: a review
Author(s) -
Buckley Julliette M.,
Wang Jiang Huai,
Redmond H. Paul
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.0506312
Subject(s) - biology , reprogramming , lipoteichoic acid , microbiology and biotechnology , gram negative bacteria , bacteria , gene , genetics , escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus
LPS tolerance has been the focus of extensive scientific and clinical research over the last several decades in an attempt to elucidate the sequence of changes that occur at a molecular level in tolerized cells. Tolerance to components of gram‐positive bacterial cell walls such as bacterial lipoprotein and lipoteichoic acid is a much lesser studied, although equally important, phenomenon. This review will focus on cellular reprogramming by gram‐positive bacterial components and examines the alterations in cell surface receptor expression, changes in intracellular signaling, gene expression and cytokine production, and the phenomenon of cross‐tolerance.