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Matrix metalloproteinases, their production by monocytes and macrophages and their potential role in HIV‐related diseases
Author(s) -
Webster Nicole L.,
Crowe Suzanne M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1189/jlb.0306152
Subject(s) - matrix metalloproteinase , biology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immunology , macrophage , matrix (chemical analysis) , monocyte , microbiology and biotechnology , virology , in vitro , genetics , materials science , composite material
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent endopeptidases that are a subfamily of metzincins. Matrix metalloproteinases are responsible for much of the turnover of extra‐cellular matrix components and are key to a wide range of processes including tissue remodeling and release of biological factors. Imbalance between the MMPs and endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can result in dysregulation of many biologic processes and lead to the development of malignancy, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. MMP production by monocyte/macrophages is dependent on the cell type, state of differentiation, and/or level of activation and whether they are infected, e.g., by HIV‐1. MMP expression by HIV‐1 infected monocytes and macrophages may alter cellular trafficking and contribute to HIV‐associated pathology such as HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). This review will provide a classification of the MMP super‐family with particular reference to those produced by monocyte/macrophages, describe their regulation and function within the immune system, and indicate their possible roles in the pathogenesis of disease, including HIV‐associated dementia.