High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Romanian Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Background We evaluated the frequency of hepatitis coinfection in Romanian adolescents who were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prior to 1995. Methods One hundred sixty‐one adolescents (13–18 years of age) with symptomatic HIV infection, but without signs of hepatic dysfunction, and 356 age‐matched, HIV‐uninfected controls underwent laboratory testing for markers of parenterally acquired hepatitis virus infection. Results Seventy‐eight percent of HIV‐infected adolescents had markers of past or present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as compared with 32% of controls ( P = .0001). The prevalence of HBV replicative markers was more than 5‐fold higher in HIV‐infected adolescents as compared with controls: 43.4% vs 7.9% ( P = .0001), respectively, for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); and 11.2% vs 2.2% ( P = .0001), respectively, for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). The prevalence of HBsAg chronic carriers and the presence of HBV replicative markers was significantly higher in patients with immunologically defined AIDS (CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/mcL): 59.6% vs 34.6% ( P = .02) for HBsAg and 22.8% vs 5.7%, ( P = .002) for HBV DNA. After 1 year of follow‐up, the proportion of those who cleared the HBeAg was considerably lower in severely immunosuppressed coinfected patients: 4.7% vs 37.1% ( P = .003). Four additional HIV‐infected adolescents became HBsAg‐positive over the term of follow‐up (incidence rate, 24.9/1000 person‐years), despite a record of immunization against hepatitis B. Conclusion A substantial percentage of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected Romanian adolescents have evidence of past or present HBV infection. In HIV‐infected adolescents, the degree of immunosuppression is correlated with persistence of HBV replicative markers, even in the absence of clinical or biochemical signs of liver disease.