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Background:   The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening patients living with AIDS to detect and treat early cryptococcal infection.Methods:   The authors evaluated a cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and treatment program at an HIV/AIDS clinic in Malawi. Eligible patients were of age &gt;18 years, had a CD4 count &lt;100 cells/µL or WHO clinical HIV/AIDS stage III or IV.Results:   Of 552 patients who presented for care, 113 were eligible, and all (100%) agreed to CrAg screening. Of them, 2 (1.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-4.2%) patients were CrAg positive. Among those with CD4 count &lt;100 cells/µL or WHO stage IV, the CrAg prevalence was 3.5% (95% CI: 0-8.4%) and 5.0% (95% CI: 0-15%), respectively.Conclusion:   A CrAg screening program was acceptable to new patients in a Malawian HIV/AIDS clinic. The CrAg prevalence for patients with CD4 count &lt; 100 cells/µL and WHO stage IV was consistent with cost-effectiveness estimates. CrAg screening and treatment programs for patients living with AIDS should be expanded.

journal of the international association of providers of aids care

Feasibility and Acceptability of Cryptococcal Antigen Screening and Prevalence of Cryptocococcemia in Patients Attending a Resource-Limited HIV/AIDS Clinic in Malawi