Open AccessCigarette smoking and risk of celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Wijarnpreecha Karn,
Lou Susan,
Panjawatanan Panadeekarn,
Cheungpasitporn Wisit,
Pungpapong Surakit,
Lukens Frank J.,
Ungprasert Patompong
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
ueg journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.667
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 2050-6414
pISSN - 2050-6406
DOI - 10.1177/2050640618786790
Subject(s) - medicine , meta analysis , odds ratio , confidence interval , disease , cohort study , relative risk , medline , case control study , political science , law
Background/Objectives A negative association between cigarette smoking and celiac disease has been observed but results were inconsistent across the published studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted with the aim to identify all studies that investigated this association and to summarize the results of those studies. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and Embase databases through March 2018 to identify all cohort studies and case‐control studies that compared the risk of celiac disease among current and/or former smokers versus never‐smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results A total of seven studies with 307,924 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled analysis found a significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.84; I 2 86%). However, the risk of celiac disease among former smokers was not significantly different from never‐smokers with the pooled OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.76–1.60; I 2 of 73%). Conclusions A significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers was demonstrated in this meta‐analysis.