Foreign body ingestion and food impaction in adults: better to scope than to wait

Background and objective To assess clinical outcomes after foreign body ingestion and food impaction; to identify predictors of foreign body presence at the time of endoscopy. Methods A prospective study including consecutive adult patients with foreign body ingestion or suspected food impaction between May 2014 and August 2016. Results In total, 521 patients were included, 320 with foreign body ingestion and 201 with suspected food impaction. Food impaction patients were significantly older and more frequently had a history of oesophageal disease. The foreign body was encountered in the upper digestive tract in 43% of the patients with foreign body ingestion, and food impaction was confirmed in 87%. Older age (odds ratio (OR) year 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.06) and early presentation (OR first six hours 4.41, 95% CI 2.24–8.66) were independent predictors of foreign body presence, while a history of psychiatric disease was an independent predictor of food impaction (OR 6.69, 95% CI 1.66–26.9). Successful endoscopic treatment was achieved in more than 90% of the cases, with adverse events occurring in fewer than 5%. Foreign body forceps was the preferred device in foreign body ingestion, while retrieval basket and mobilisation were preferred in food impaction. The need to use more than one instrument was significantly higher in food impaction. Conclusion Foreign bodies are encountered at endoscopy in almost half of the cases. Older age and earlier presentation are independent predictors of its presence. Given the high proportion of patients with foreign body at endoscopy and the low risk of complications, endoscopic evaluation is probably justified in the majority of cases.