Open AccessPropofol sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy arouses euphoria in a large subset of patients
Author(s) -
Brechmann Thorsten,
Maier Christoph,
Kaisler Miriam,
Vollert Jan,
Schmiegel Wolff,
Pak Svetlana,
Scherbaum Norbert,
Rist Fred,
Riphaus Andrea
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
ueg journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.667
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 2050-6414
pISSN - 2050-6406
DOI - 10.1177/2050640617736231
Subject(s) - propofol , medicine , sedation , anxiety , relaxation (psychology) , euphoriant , anesthesia , endoscopy , observational study , psychiatry
Background Propofol is recommended for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy (GE), but preliminary data suggest addictive potentials. Objective The objective of this article is to evaluate the frequency of predominantly euphoric reaction after GE and patients’ subsequent reminiscences. Methods Eighty‐two patients undergoing elective GE under propofol sedation were enrolled in a prospective observational study. The grade of anxiety, expectation or relief about the examination's result and affective state in terms of cheerfulness, relaxation, activation, sedation and anxiety were surveyed using a numeric rating scale (1 to 10) immediately before (t1), after GE (t2) and seven days (t3) later. Statistics: hierarchical cluster analysis, heat map, χ2 test and paired t test. Results Mean propofol dosage was 264 ± 120 mg. Two clusters of mood changes emerged (t1 vs. t2). One ( n = 46, 56.1%) was characterized by an unease reaction pattern with equal values regarding cheerfulness, relaxation and anxiety, while relaxation decreased; the other cluster showed a euphoric reaction pattern ( n = 36, 43.9%) with markedly increased cheerfulness, relaxation and decreased anxiety. These effects intensified at recall (t3). Despite similar endoscopy results, euphoric cluster patients rated these more positively. Conclusion Propofol induces euphoria in nearly half of the patients undergoing elective GE with persisting, even enhanced reminiscence (germanctr.de, trial number DRKS00011202).