Open AccessLung microbiota dysbiosis and the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy
Author(s) -
Henry C. Ezechukwu,
Cornelius A. Diya,
Ifunanya J. Egoh,
Mayowa J. Abiodun,
John-Ugwuanya A Grace,
God’spower R. Okoh,
Kayode T. Adu,
Oyelola A. Adegboye
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
therapeutic advances in infectious disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2049-937X
pISSN - 2049-9361
DOI - 10.1177/20499361211032453
Subject(s) - dysbiosis , immunology , pneumonia , biology , pregnancy , lung , tmprss2 , coronavirus , exacerbation , medicine , disease , gut flora , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty) , genetics
There are a great number of beneficial commensal microorganisms constitutively colonizing the mucosal lining of the lungs. Alterations in the microbiota profile have been associated with several respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and allergies. Lung microbiota dysbiosis might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as elicit other opportunistic infections associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With its increasing prevalence and morbidity, SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant mothers is inevitable. Recent evidence shows that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) act as an entry receptor and viral spike priming protein, respectively, for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These receptor proteins are highly expressed in the maternal-fetal interface, including the placental trophoblast, suggesting the possibility of maternal–fetal transmission. In this review, we discuss the role of lung microbiota dysbiosis in respiratory diseases, with an emphasis on COVID-19 and the possible implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcome and neonatal health.