Open AccessVirologic failure after 48 weeks of raltegravir-based regimen in low HIV-1 incidence setting
Author(s) -
Wassim Chehadeh,
Osama Albaksami,
S. Al-Shammari
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
antiviral chemistry and chemotherapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2040-2066
pISSN - 0956-3202
DOI - 10.1177/2040206620927908
Subject(s) - raltegravir , integrase inhibitor , regimen , integrase , lamivudine , virology , resistance mutation , salvage therapy , emtricitabine , elvitegravir , medicine , biology , viral load , virus , reverse transcriptase , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , genetics , gene , antiretroviral therapy , chemotherapy , polymerase chain reaction , hepatitis b virus
Background With the advent of next generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors, the rates of virologic failure in treated subjects are expected to decrease. In this study, we analyzed the mutation patterns leading to virologic failure before and after starting integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen as first-line or salvage therapy.Methods Between 2016 and 2019, blood samples were received from 258 patients with HIV-1 infection. Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations, and pol gene sequences were determined at baseline, and 16–48 weeks of treatment with integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen. Only patients who did not achieve viral suppression at 48 weeks of integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based treatment were eligible for the current study.Results Virologic failure was observed in seven patients on raltegravir-based regimen. All patients with virologic failure but one were infected with CRF01_AE virus subtype. Raltegravir based-regimen was offered as first-line therapy for four patients, and as salvage therapy for three patients. M184V mutation associated with high level resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine was detected in six out of seven patients. Primary mutations (Y143C, N155H, T66I, G118R, E138K) conferring high level resistance to raltegravir were detected in only three patients. Pre-existing polymorphic integrase mutation (T97A) was detected in two patients. Furthermore, two patients reported low adherence to treatment.Conclusions Emergence of primary mutations in the integrase gene can account for virologic failure in less than half of patients on raltegravir-based regimen. Low adherence to treatment, pre-existing accessory mutations, and resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors may have some role in virologic outcome.