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Fish Oil Supplementation Lowers C‐Reactive Protein Levels Independent of Triglyceride Reduction in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease
Author(s) -
Bowden Rodney G.,
Wilson Ronald L.,
Deike Erika,
Gentile Mindy
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
nutrition in clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.725
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1941-2452
pISSN - 0884-5336
DOI - 10.1177/0884533609335376
Subject(s) - medicine , docosahexaenoic acid , fish oil , analysis of variance , one way analysis of variance , eicosapentaenoic acid , triglyceride , placebo , gastroenterology , c reactive protein , fatty acid , cholesterol , polyunsaturated fatty acid , inflammation , fish <actinopterygii> , biochemistry , biology , pathology , alternative medicine , fishery
Background: Inflammation has been identified as a marker for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fish oil fatty acid supplementation on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. Methods: The study uses a double‐blind, permuted‐randomized, and placebo‐controlled experimental protocol. Patients are randomly placed into a fish oil group or a control group. Thirty‐three patients in the experimental and control groups ingest 2 soft‐gel pills (1 g each) of fish oil supplements containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo at each meal. Patients follow the supplementation protocol for 6 months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to measure pretest and posttest differences in the variable of interest. A Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test for normality is used to test whether CRP levels are normally distributed. Results: The Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test for CRP finds a P value of .273 (KS = .997), revealing that the distribution is normal. ANOVA reveals no statistically significant difference between groups at baseline for CRP ( F = 4.118, P = .053). ANOVA reveals a significant main effect ( F = 4.29, P = .048) for CRP, with the EPA/DHA group having a significant change in values from pretest (16 mg/dL, standard deviation [SD] = 13.80) to posttest (10.22 mg/dL, SD = 7.87). The placebo group's CRP levels do not change significantly from pretest (13.37, standard deviation [SD] = 7.94) to posttest (13.67, SD = 7.07). An observed power calculation using Cohen's D with a computed α of .05 is .588. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that consuming 960 mg/d of EPA and 600 mg/d of DHA can lower CRP.