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Magnetic resonance assessment of the cerebral alterations associated with obesity development
Author(s) -
Blanca Lizarbe,
Basilio Willem Campillo,
Irene Guadilla,
Pilar López–Larrubia,
Sebastián Cerdan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.167
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1559-7016
pISSN - 0271-678X
DOI - 10.1177/0271678x20941263
Subject(s) - obesity , hypothalamus , appetite , medicine , magnetic resonance imaging , population , endocrinology , neuroimaging , functional magnetic resonance imaging , neuroscience , psychology , environmental health , psychiatry , radiology
Obesity is a current threat to health care systems, affecting approximately 13% of the world's adult population, and over 18% children and adolescents. The rise of obesity is fuelled by inadequate life style habits, as consumption of diets rich in fats and sugars which promote, additionally, the development of associated comorbidities. Obesity results from a neuroendocrine imbalance in the cerebral mechanisms controlling food intake and energy expenditure, including the hypothalamus and the reward and motivational centres. Specifically, high-fat diets are known to trigger an early inflammatory response in the hypothalamus that precedes weight gain, is time-dependent, and eventually extends to the remaining appetite regulating regions in the brain. Multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) methods are currently available to characterize different features of cerebral obesity, including diffusion weighted, T 2 and volumetric imaging and 1 H and 13 C spectroscopic evaluations. In particular, consistent evidences have revealed increased water diffusivity and T 2 values, decreased grey matter volumes, and altered metabolic profiles and fluxes, in the brain of animal models and in obese humans. This review provides an integrative interpretation of the physio-pathological processes associated with obesity development in the brain, and the MRI and MRS methods implemented to characterize them.

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