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Impact of the Nutritional Regimen on Protein Catabolism and Nitrogen Balance in Patients With Acute Renal Failure
Author(s) -
Macias William L.,
Alaka Karla J.,
Murphy Mary H.,
Miller Michael E.,
Clark William R.,
Mueller Bruce A.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1177/014860719602000156
Subject(s) - nitrogen balance , catabolism , protein catabolism , regimen , medicine , intensive care medicine , balance (ability) , chemistry , nitrogen , biochemistry , amino acid , metabolism , physical therapy , organic chemistry
Background: Patients with acute renal failure are in substantial negative nitrogen balance as a result of their extremely high protein catabolic rates. We prospectively evaluated a series of patients with acute renal failure managed with continuous venovenous hemofiltration to determine which nutritional and nonnutritional variables might influence protein catabolism and nitrogen balance. Methods: Forty consecutive patients (aged 52 ± 20 years; mean ± SD) were monitored for 357 treatment days (average treatment duration 8.9 ± 8.6 days). All data (including nutritional regimen, laboratory values, APACHE II score, administered blood products, hemofiltration parameters, and medications) were collected daily. Results: For all patients, the mean normalized protein catabolic rate was 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg per day. The rate did not differ between those who received nutrition support and those who did not. The net nitrogen deficit was less in those patients receiving nutrition support (‐6.0 ± 5.2 vs ‐14.0 ± 5.6 g N/d; p =.02). Using regression techniques (adjusted for the within‐person correlation and the previous day's normalized protein catabolic rate), the level of protein and energy provision and the interaction between protein and energy provision were predictive of the normalized protein catabolic rate. Predicted values, using this equation, suggest that at low protein administration rates (< 1 g/kg per day), increasing energy provision may reduce the protein catabolism. However, at this level of protein provision, patients remain in negative nitrogen balance. At protein administration rates necessary to achieve nitrogen balance (~1.5 to 1.8 g/kg per day), protein catabolism may increase. Providing relatively low levels of energy may diminish the magnitude of this increase. Conclusion: These results suggest that the optimal nutritional regimen for patients with acute renal failure may require a high‐protein (~1.5 to 1.8 g/kg per day) and a relatively low‐energy (~25 to 35 kcal/kg per day) content. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 20 :56–62, 1996)