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Adaptation to a Fish Oil Diet Before Inducing Sepsis in Rats Prevents Fatty Infiltration of the Liver
Author(s) -
LanzaJacoby Susan,
Smythe Cynthia,
Phetteplace Hope,
Tabares Alma
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1177/0148607192016004353
Subject(s) - fish oil , corn oil , sepsis , menhaden , phospholipid , medicine , endocrinology , biology , food science , biochemistry , chemistry , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , membrane
Hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver are common lipid abnormalities associated with Gram‐negative sepsis. Fish oils have been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing plasma triglycerides (TG). This study was designed to investigate whether fish oils would prevent the elevation of plasma TG and the accumulation of liver lipids during sepsis. One group of rats was fed a 10% menhaden oil diet and the other group was fed a 10% corn oil diet for 14 days. On the 14th day, sepsis was induced by injecting the rats with 8 x 10 7 live Escherichia coli colonies/100 g of body weight and the rats were fasted for 22 hours. The liver composition of total lipids and TG in the septic rats prefed the fish oil was lower than in the septic rats prefed the corn oil. In the rats adapted to the corn oil diet, lipids accumulated in the livers of the septic rats in comparison with the control rats. Hepatocytes isolated from the septic rats adapted to the corn oil diet showed an increased esterification of [1‐ 14 C]palmitate into TG and phospholipids than hepatocytes from the control rats. Feeding the fish oil diet instead of the corn oil diet before inducing sepsis reduced TG, cholesterol, and phospholipid synthesis by 58%, 79%, and 71%, respectively. The rise in TG synthesis in the septic rats prefed the corn oil diet was associated with an 89% increase in the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. There was no significant difference in the activities of glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase between control and septic rats. The glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase activity was lower in the livers of septic rats prefed fish oil than in the septic rats prefed corn oil. The hypertriglyceridemia of sepsis was not ameliorated by prefeeding the fish oil diet. The fish oil had a significant effect on the activity of lipoprotein lipase in peripheral tissues from both control and septic rats. The activities of lipoprotein lipase were depressed in the retroperitoneal fat pads and heart from the septic rats fed fish oil in comparison with their controls. The data from this study indicate that a fish oil diet will prevent the sepsis‐induced fatty liver. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 16: 353–358, 1992)