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Effects of the ω‐6:ω‐3 Fatty Acid Ratio of Fat Emulsions on the Fatty Acid Composition in Cell Membranes and the Anti‐Inflammatory Action
Author(s) -
Hagi Akifumi,
Nakayama Mitsuo,
Shinzaki Wataru,
Haji Seiji,
Ohyanagi Harumasa
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1177/0148607109357625
Subject(s) - arachidonic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , phospholipid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , fish oil , fatty acid , chemistry , leukotriene b4 , biochemistry , membrane , medicine , endocrinology , biology , inflammation , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , enzyme
Background: This study investigated the effects of parenterally administered fish oil (FO) on the fatty acid composition in rats to determine the optimal ω‐6:ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio of fat emulsions to achieve an anti‐inflammatory effect. Methods: Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were infused a parenteral nutrition (PN) solution containing fat emulsions with different ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratios. The fatty acid content of phospholipids in the membranes of splenocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (experiment 1). In addition, the amounts of leukotriene (LT) B 4 and LTB 5 released from peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (experiment 2). Results: In experiment 1, after infusion of the fat emulsion containing FO, the ω‐3 PUFA content in cell membranes rose to 70% of the peak value on day 1 and nearly reached a plateau on day 3. The highest ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (AA) was achieved by administrating a PN solution with the smallest ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratio. In experiment 2, a larger amount of LTB 5 was released from Ca‐ionophore‐stimulated PMNs taken from rats given a larger quantity of FO. The ratio of LTB 5 :LTB 4 released from PMNs correlated positively with the EPA:AA ratio in the membranous phospholipid and in serum. Conclusions: The ω‐3 PUFAs were readily incorporated into the cell membrane within 3 days of infusion with the fat emulsion. The EPA:AA ratio in membranous phospholipid in PMNs was positively correlated with the LTB 5 :LTB 4 production ratio and was a good indicator of anti‐inflammatory effects.