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Influence of Adding Fish Oil to Parenteral Nutrition on Gut‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Author(s) -
Maeshima Yoshinori,
Fukatsu Kazuhiko,
Moriya Tomoyuki,
Ikezawa Fumie,
Ueno Chikara,
Saitoh Daizoh,
Mochizuki Hidetaka
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1177/0148607107031005416
Subject(s) - fish oil , cd8 , parenteral nutrition , intraepithelial lymphocyte , gut associated lymphoid tissue , immune system , lamina propria , calorie , enteral administration , lymphatic system , medicine , biology , lymphocyte , endocrinology , immunology , fish <actinopterygii> , pathology , fishery , epithelium
Background: Lack of enteral nutrition reduces gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass and function, a mechanism underlying the increased morbidity of infectious complications in severely injured or critically ill patients. Strategies to restore parenteral nutrition (PN)–induced changes of GALT mass and function have been pursued. However, the influences of adding fish oil to PN on gut immunity remain to be clarified. Methods: Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 50) were randomized to 4 groups: ad libitum chow (chow), fat free PN (fat (–)‐PN), PN + fish oil (FO‐PN), and PN + safflower oil (SO‐PN). The PN groups were given isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN solutions. The FO‐ and SO‐PN groups received 20% of total calories from fat emulsions. After 5 days of feeding, lymphocytes from Peyer's patches (PPs), the intraepithelial space (IE), and the lamina propria (LP) of the entire small intestine were isolated. GALT lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes (CD4+, CD8+, αβTCR+,γδ TCR+, B220+ cells) were determined. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of small intestinal washings were also measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Another set of mice (n = 24) was used to determine plasma fatty acid compositions after feeding. Results: Lymphocyte numbers from PPs and the LP and intestinal IgA levels were significantly lower in the PN groups than in the chow group, with no significant differences between any 2 PN groups. The FO‐ and SO‐PN groups showed moderate recovery of IE cell numbers compared with the fat (–)‐PN group. Ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acid levels were increased with fish and safflower oil additions, respectively, compared with the fat (–)‐PN group. Conclusions: Adding fish oil to PN does not exacerbate PN‐induced GALT changes but rather partially reverses these changes, with increased plasma ω‐3 fatty acid levels.