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Short Bowel Syndrome: Clinical Guidelines for Nutrition Management
Author(s) -
Matarese Laura E.,
O'Keefe Stephen J.,
Kandil Hossam M.,
Bond Geoffrey,
Costa Guilherme,
AbuElmagd Kareem
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
nutrition in clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.725
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1941-2452
pISSN - 0884-5336
DOI - 10.1177/0115426505020005493
Subject(s) - medicine , short bowel syndrome , parenteral nutrition , intestinal failure , intensive care medicine , malnutrition , malabsorption , surgery
Intestinal failure is a condition in which inadequate digestion or absorption of fluid, electrolytes, and nutrients leads to dehydration or malnutrition. The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome (SBS) defined as <200 cm of functional small intestine. SBS may result from congenital abnormalities or from surgical resection. For the past 3 decades, patients with severe SBS were managed with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). With the emergence of new therapies, the clinician now has multiple options to treat these patients. These include intestinal rehabilitation regimens whereby patients are treated with specialized oral diets, soluble fiber, oral rehydration solutions (ORS), and trophic factors to enhance absorption. There are also a variety of surgical techniques available to preserve intestinal length. Small bowel and multivisceral transplantation has evolved during the last decade to be a valid therapeutic option for those patients who cannot be rehabilitated or who fail HPN. These are interrelated services designed to offer the patient the best therapeutic options to meet their individual needs. This article reviews the principles associated with the nutrition management of this very complex and diverse group of patients.