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Pharmacokinetics of Anthocyanins and Ellagic Acid in Healthy Volunteers Fed Freeze‐Dried Black Raspberries Daily for 7 Days
Author(s) -
Stoner Gary D.,
Sardo Christine,
Apseloff Glen,
Mullet Dan,
Wargo Wayne,
Pound Vickie,
Singh Alpana,
Sanders James,
Aziz Robeena,
Casto Bruce,
Sun XiaoLi
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1552-4604
pISSN - 0091-2700
DOI - 10.1177/0091270005279636
Subject(s) - ellagic acid , urine , pharmacokinetics , tolerability , chemistry , anthocyanin , cyanidin , bioavailability , pharmacology , urine collection device , food science , medicine , adverse effect , biochemistry , polyphenol , antioxidant
Eleven subjects completed a clinical trial to determine the safety/tolerability of freeze‐dried black raspberries (BRB) and to measure, in plasma and urine, specific anthocyanins‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐sambubioside, cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside, and cyanidin‐3‐xylosylrutinoside, as well as ellagic acid. Subjects were fed 45 g of freeze‐dried BRB daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected predose on days 1 and 7 and at 10 time points postdose. Urine was collected for 12 hours predose on days 1 and 7 and at three 4‐hour intervals postdose. Maximum concentrations of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma occurred at 1 to 2 hours, and maximum quantities in urine appeared from 0 to 4 hours. Overall, less than 1% of these compounds were absorbed and excreted in urine. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters changed significantly between days 1 and 7. In conclusion, 45 g of freeze‐dried BRB daily are well tolerated and result in quantifiable anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma and urine.