Open AccessIntercomparison of Near-Surface Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in AMIP-2 Simulations, Reanalyses, and Observations
Author(s) -
Viatcheslav Kharin,
Francis W. Zwiers,
Xuebin Zhang
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of climate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.315
H-Index - 287
eISSN - 1520-0442
pISSN - 0894-8755
DOI - 10.1175/jcli3597.1
Subject(s) - climatology , environmental science , precipitation , coupled model intercomparison project , snow , sea surface temperature , atmospheric sciences , quantitative precipitation forecast , climate model , meteorology , climate change , geology , geography , oceanography
The extremes of near-surface temperature and 24-h and 5-day mean precipitation rates are examined in simulations performed with atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) participating in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). The extremes are evaluated in terms of 20-yr return values of annual extremes. The model results are validated against the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalyses and station data. Precipitation extremes are also validated against the pentad dataset of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, which is a blend of rain gauge observations, satellite data, and model output. On the whole, the AGCMs appear to simulate temperature extremes reasonably well. Model disagreements are larger for cold extremes than for warm extremes, particularly in wet and cloudy regions, and over sea ice and snow-covered areas. Many models exhibit an exaggerated clustering behavior for temperatures near the freezing point of water. Precipitation extremes are less reliably reproduced by the models and reanalyses. The largest disagreements are found in the Tropics where the parameterizations of deep convection affect the simulated daily precipitation extremes.