Open AccessImpact of Atmospheric Circulation on Temperature, Clouds, and Radiation at Summit Station, Greenland, with Self-Organizing Maps
Author(s) -
Michael Gallagher,
Matthew Shupe,
Nathaniel B. Miller
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of climate
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.315
H-Index - 287
eISSN - 1520-0442
pISSN - 0894-8755
DOI - 10.1175/jcli-d-17-0893.1
Subject(s) - climatology , greenland ice sheet , atmospheric circulation , environmental science , radiative forcing , forcing (mathematics) , atmospheric sciences , climate change , precipitation , anticyclone , arctic , cloud forcing , earth's energy budget , ice sheet , geology , meteorology , geography , oceanography , radiation , physics , quantum mechanics
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) plays a crucial role in the Arctic climate, and atmospheric conditions are the primary modifier of mass balance. This analysis establishes the relationship between large-scale atmospheric circulation and principal determinants of GrIS mass balance: moisture, cloud properties, radiative forcing, and temperature. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), observations from the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project are categorized by daily sea level pressure (SLP) gradient. The results describe in detail how southerly, northerly, and zonal circulation regimes impact observations at Summit Station, Greenland. This southerly regime is linked to large anomalous increases in low-level liquid cloud formation, cloud radiative forcing (CRF), and surface warming at Summit Station. An individual southerly pattern relates to the largest positive anomalies, with the most extreme 25% of cases leading to CRF anomalies above 21 W m −2 and temperature anomalies beyond 8.5°C. Finally, the July 2012 extreme melt event is analyzed, showing that the prolonged ice sheet warming was related to persistence of these southerly circulation patterns, causing an unusually extended period of anomalous CRF and temperature. These results demonstrate a novel methodology, connecting daily atmospheric circulation to a relatively brief record of observations.