Seasonal Evolution of the Upwelling Process South of Cape Blanco*

Bursts of upwelling-favorable winds lasting 4–20 days occur year-round south of Cape Blanco, a major headland on the Oregon coast. The ocean’s response to these events was studied using moored current, temperature, and salinity data; satellite SST data; and a few across-shelf sections near the mooring site. The mooring was located at 42°26.49′N, 124°34.47′W, 6 n mi off Gold Beach, Oregon, from May 2000 to October 2003. After the spring transition but before upwelling jet separation, equatorward wind stress produced a steady upwelling response much the same as a long, straight coast. Currents and winds had similar spectral characteristics with a peak near 15 days. After jet separation, upwelling-favorable winds forced a much more variable current consisting of a series of thin equatorward jets that evolved and moved offshore across the mooring, with shorter time scales than the wind stress forcing. During autumn, the equatorward wind stress weakened slightly and a transition period occurred, with the flow often poleward along the bottom. During winter, the water column was unstratified during poleward winds and currents with little variation in SST across the shelf. Winter upwelling restratified the water column from the bottom up by drawing cold, salty water onshore along the bottom, with little or no change in SST. This scenario was modulated by strong intraseasonal and interannual variability in the ocean and atmosphere. A wavelet transform analysis of alongshore wind stress and the first empirical orthogonal mode of the alongshore currents revealed strong energy peaks in the 30–70-day band. These signals were particularly clear in the ocean and were not coherent with the local wind stress, suggesting they were due to Kelvin waves of equatorial origin. The shift toward longer (40–45–60 days) periods from 2000 to 2003 was consistent with decreasing (warming) northern oscillation index, suggesting that the period as well as the energy of the intraseasonal waves may be important in transmitting heat poleward during warm years.