Spermatophores in the female’s bursa copulatrix accumulated through their life span in three species of Lepidostoma (Trichoptera, Lepidostomatidae)

In order to estimate mating frequencies of females, spermatophores stored in the bursa copulatrix were examined in three Asian species of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Lepidostomatidae): L. complicatum (Kobayashi 1968), L. satoi (Kobayashi 1968), and L. itoae (Kumanski & Weaver 1992), during their flight seasons of 2011 to 2016. In all three species, several spermatophores were detected, particularly in late seasons, suggesting that multiple mating occurs in these caddisflies.