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Energy Use in Sales and Distribution via E‐Commerce and Conventional Retail: A Case Study of the Japanese Book Sector
Author(s) -
Williams Eric,
Tagami Takashi
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of industrial ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.377
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1530-9290
pISSN - 1088-1980
DOI - 10.1162/108819802763471816
Subject(s) - trips architecture , energy consumption , business , consumption (sociology) , distribution (mathematics) , efficient energy use , truck , commerce , energy (signal processing) , agricultural economics , marketing , economics , transport engineering , engineering , mathematical analysis , social science , electrical engineering , mathematics , sociology , aerospace engineering , statistics
Summary Energy use associated with sales and distribution via business‐to‐consumer (B2C) e‐commerce versus conventional retail is analyzed for the Japanese book sector. Results indicate that e‐commerce uses considerably more energy per book than conventional retail in dense urban areas, because of additional packaging. In suburban and rural areas, the energy consumption of the two systems is nearly equal because the relative efficiency of courier services compared to personal automobile transport balances out the impact of additional packaging. The main reason e‐commerce does not save energy, even in rural areas, is because of the multipurpose use of automobiles; e‐commerce does consume less energy in the case of single‐purpose shopping trips by automobile. Overall consumption at the national level is nearly the same: 5.6 mega‐joules (MJ) per book for e‐commerce and 5.2 MJ per book for traditional retail. Although this difference is smaller than the uncertainty in the result, the structure of energy use for the two systems is quite distinct, which suggests reprioritization of energy‐efficiency strategies. Important factors influencing the energy efficiency of B2C e‐commerce include packaging, loading factors of courier trucks, number of trips per delivery, and residential energy consumption.