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Background  Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is proatherosclerotic and prothrombotic, causally related to coronary disease, and associated with other cardiovascular diseases. The association of Lp(a) with incident atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and with ischemic stroke among individuals with  AF  remains to be elucidated.    Methods and Results  In the community‐based  ARIC  (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study cohort, Lp(a) levels were measured by a Denka Seiken assay at visit 4 (1996–1998). We used multivariable‐adjusted Cox models to compare  AF  and ischemic stroke risk across Lp(a) levels. First, we evaluated incident  AF  in 9908 participants free of  AF  at baseline.  AF  was ascertained by electrocardiography at study visits, hospital  International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision  ( ICD‐9 ) codes, and death certificates. We then evaluated incident ischemic stroke in 10 127 participants free of stroke at baseline. Stroke was identified by annual phone calls, hospital  ICD‐9 Revision  codes, and death certificates. The baseline age was 62.7±5.6 years. Median Lp(a) levels were 13.3 mg/dL (interquartile range, 5.2–39.7 mg/dL). Median follow‐up was 13.9 and 15.8 years for  AF  and stroke, respectively. Lp(a) was not associated with incident  AF  (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.17), comparing those with Lp(a) ≥50 with those with Lp(a) <10 mg/dL. High Lp(a) was associated with a 42% relative increase in stroke risk among participants without  AF  (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.90) but not in those with  AF  (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–1.61 [ P  interaction for  AF =0.25]). There were no interactions by race or sex. No association was found for cardioembolic stroke subtype.    Conclusions  High Lp(a) levels were not associated with incident  AF . Lp(a) levels were associated with increased ischemic stroke risk, primarily among individuals without  AF  but not in those with  AF .

Associations of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study