Open AccessEffect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta‐Analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials
Author(s) -
Karatasakis Aris,
Danek Barbara A,
Karacsonyi Judit,
Rangan Bavana V,
Roesle Michele K,
Knickelbine Thomas,
Miedema Michael D,
Khalili Houman,
Ahmad Zahid,
Abdullah Shuaib,
Banerjee Subhash,
Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of the american heart association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.494
H-Index - 85
ISSN - 2047-9980
DOI - 10.1161/jaha.117.006910
Subject(s) - medicine , pcsk9 , alirocumab , evolocumab , randomized controlled trial , odds ratio , hazard ratio , gastroenterology , confidence interval , myocardial infarction , adverse effect , cholesterol , lipoprotein , apolipoprotein a1 , ldl receptor
Background We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of 2 PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors: alirocumab and evolocumab. Methods and Results We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing treatment with and without PCSK9 inhibitors; 35 randomized controlled trials comprising 45 539 patients (mean follow‐up: 85.5 weeks) were included. Mean age was 61.0±2.8 years, and mean baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was 106±22 mg/dL. Compared with no PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, treatment with a PCSK9 inhibitor was associated with a lower rate of myocardial infarction (2.3% versus 3.6%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64–0.81]; P <0.001), stroke (1.0% versus 1.4%; OR: 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67–0.96]; P =0.02), and coronary revascularization (4.2% versus 5.8%; OR: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71–0.86]; P <0.001). Overall, no significant change was observed in all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.71 [95% CI, 0.47–1.09]; P =0.12) or cardiovascular mortality (OR: 1.01 [95% CI, 0.85–1.19]; P =0.95). A significant association was observed between higher baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and benefit in all‐cause mortality ( P =0.038). No significant change was observed in neurocognitive adverse events (OR: 1.12 [95% CI, 0.88–1.42]; P =0.37), myalgia (OR: 0.95 [95% CI, 0.75–1.20]; P =0.65), new onset or worsening of preexisting diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.05 [95% CI, 0.95–1.17]; P =0.32), and increase in levels of creatine kinase (OR: 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70–1.01]; P =0.06) or alanine or aspartate aminotransferase (OR: 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82–1.12]; P =0.61). Conclusions Treatment with a PCSK9 inhibitor is well tolerated and improves cardiovascular outcomes. Although no overall benefit was noted in all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality, such benefit may be achievable in patients with higher baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.