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Background  Hyponatremia ( HN ) occurs commonly in patients with acute heart failure and confers a worse prognosis. Current  HN  treatment varies widely, with no consensus. This study recorded treatment practices currently used for patients hospitalized with acute heart failure and  HN .    Methods and Results  Data were collected prospectively from 146  US  sites on patients hospitalized with acute heart failure and  HN  (serum sodium concentration [Na + ] ≤130  mE q/L) present at admission or developing in the hospital. Baseline variables,  HN  treatment, and laboratory values were recorded. Of 762 patients, median [Na + ] was 126  mE q/L (interquartile range, 7) at baseline and increased to 130 mEq/L at discharge. Fluid restriction was the most commonly prescribed therapy (44%), followed by no specific  HN  treatment beyond therapy for congestion (23%), isotonic saline (5%), tolvaptan (4%), and hypertonic saline (2%). Median rate of change in [Na + ] varied by treatment (0.5 [interquartile range, 1.0] to 2.3 [8.0]  mE q/L/d) and median treatment duration ranged from 1 (interquartile range, 1) to 6 (5) days. Fluid restriction and no specific  HN  treatment resulted in similar changes in [Na + ], and were least effective in correcting  HN . Few patients (19%) had [Na + ] ≥135  mE q/L at discharge.    Conclusions  The most commonly used treatment approaches for  HN  (fluid restriction and no specific treatment) in acute heart failure increased [Na + ] minimally, and most patients remained hyponatremic at discharge.

journal of the american heart association

Current Management of Hyponatremia in Acute Heart Failure: A Report From the Hyponatremia Registry for Patients With Euvolemic and Hypervolemic Hyponatremia (HN Registry)