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Background  Endothelial cells ( EC s) form blood vessels through angiogenesis that is regulated by coordination of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), Notch, transforming growth factor β, and other signals, but the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear.    Methods and Results  Small  RNA  sequencing initially identified miR‐342‐5p as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling in  EC s. Reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that miR‐342‐5p targeted endoglin and modulated transforming growth factor β signaling by repressing  SMAD 1/5 phosphorylation in  EC s. Transfection of miR‐342‐5p inhibited  EC  proliferation and lumen formation and reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as assayed by using a fibrin beads–based sprouting assay, mouse aortic ring culture, and intravitreal injection of miR‐342‐5p agomir in P3 pups. Moreover, miR‐342‐5p promoted the migration of  EC s, accompanied by reduced endothelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of increased endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Transfection of endoglin at least partially reversed endothelial–mesenchymal transition induced by miR‐342‐5p. The expression of miR‐342‐5p was upregulated by transforming growth factor β, and inhibition of miR‐342‐5p attenuated the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor β on lumen formation and sprouting by  EC s. In addition,  VEGF  repressed miR‐342‐5p expression, and transfection of miR‐342‐5p repressed  VEGFR 2 and  VEGFR 3 expression and  VEGF ‐triggered Akt phosphorylation in  EC s. miR‐342‐5p repressed angiogenesis in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization model in mice, highlighting its clinical potential.    Conclusions  miR‐342‐5p acts as a multifunctional angiogenic repressor mediating the effects and interaction among angiogenic pathways.

journal of the american heart association

miR‐342‐5p Is a Notch Downstream Molecule and Regulates Multiple Angiogenic Pathways Including Notch, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling