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Background  Inflammation of the aortic wall is recognised as a key pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ). This study was undertaken to determine whether inflammatory cytokines could be used as biomarkers for the presence of  AAA .    Methods and Results  Tissue profiles of 27 inflammatory cytokine were examined in  AAA  (n=14) and nonaneurysmal (n=14) aortic tissues. Three cytokines, regulated upon activation normally T‐cell expressed and secreted ( RANTES ), eotaxin, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta ( MIP‐ 1b), had increased expression in  AAA , particularly within the adventitial layer of the aortic wall. Basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) had reduced expression in all layers of the  AAA  wall. Examination of the circulating plasma profiles of  AAA  (n=442) and  AAA ‐free controls (n=970) suggested a (risk factor adjusted)  AAA ‐association with eotaxin,  RANTES , and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs CRP ). A plasma inflammatory cytokine score, calculated using these three markers, suggested a strong risk association with  AAA  (odds ratio, 4.8; 95%  CI , 3.5–6.7;  P <0.0001), independent of age, sex, history of ischemic heart disease, and smoking.    Conclusions  Contrary to reports suggesting a distinct T helper 2–associated inflammatory profile in  AAA , this current study suggests a more‐generalized pattern of inflammation, albeit with some potentially distinct features, including elevated plasma eotaxin and decreased plasma  RANTES . In combination with hs CRP , these markers may have potential utility as  AAA  biomarkers.

Two C‐C Family Chemokines, Eotaxin and RANTES, Are Novel Independent Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm