Open AccessTumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis‐Inducing Ligand ( TRAIL ) Promotes Angiogenesis and Ischemia‐Induced Neovascularization Via NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) and Nitric Oxide–Dependent Mechanisms
Author(s) -
Di Bartolo Belinda Ann,
Cartland Siân Peta,
PradoLourenco Leonel,
Griffith Thomas Scott,
Gentile Carmine,
Ravindran Jayant,
Azahri Nor Saadah Muhammad,
Thai Thuan,
Yeung Amanda Wing Shee,
Thomas Shane Ross,
Kavurma Mary Meltem
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of the american heart association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.494
H-Index - 85
ISSN - 2047-9980
DOI - 10.1161/jaha.115.002527
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , nox4 , neovascularization , nitric oxide , vascular endothelial growth factor , endothelial stem cell , medicine , basic fibroblast growth factor , nitric oxide synthase , nadph oxidase , growth factor , endocrinology , cancer research , biology , oxidative stress , biochemistry , receptor , in vitro , vegf receptors
Background Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) has the ability to inhibit angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell death, as well as being able to promote pro‐angiogenic activity in vitro. These seemingly opposite effects make its role in ischemic disease unclear. Using Trail −/− and wildtype mice, we sought to determine the role of TRAIL in angiogenesis and neovascularization following hindlimb ischemia. Methods and Results Reduced vascularization assessed by real‐time 3‐dimensional Vevo ultrasound imaging and CD 31 staining was evident in Trail −/− mice after ischemia, and associated with reduced capillary formation and increased apoptosis. Notably, adenoviral TRAIL administration significantly improved limb perfusion, capillary density, and vascular smooth‐muscle cell content in both Trail −/− and wildtype mice. Fibroblast growth factor‐2, a potent angiogenic factor, increased TRAIL expression in human microvascular endothelial cell‐1, with fibroblast growth factor‐2‐mediated proliferation, migration, and tubule formation inhibited with TRAIL si RNA . Both fibroblast growth factor‐2 and TRAIL significantly increased NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX 4) expression. TRAIL ‐inducible angiogenic activity in vitro was inhibited with si RNA s targeting NOX 4, and consistent with this, NOX 4 mRNA was reduced in 3‐day ischemic hindlimbs of Trail −/− mice. Furthermore, TRAIL ‐induced proliferation, migration, and tubule formation was blocked by scavenging H 2 O 2 , or by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase activity. Importantly, TRAIL ‐inducible endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Ser‐1177 and intracellular human microvascular endothelial cell‐1 cell nitric oxide levels were NOX 4 dependent. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that TRAIL can promote angiogenesis following hindlimb ischemia in vivo. The angiogenic effect of TRAIL on human microvascular endothelial cell‐1 cells is downstream of fibroblast growth factor‐2, involving NOX 4 and nitric oxide signaling. These data have significant therapeutic implications, such that TRAIL may improve the angiogenic response to ischemia and increase perfusion recovery in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes.