Open AccessGastrointestinal Intervention Ameliorates High Blood Pressure Through Antagonizing Overdrive of the Sympathetic Nerve in Hypertensive Patients and Rats
Author(s) -
Zhang Hexuan,
Pu Yunfei,
Chen Jing,
Tong Weidong,
Cui Yuanting,
Sun Fang,
Zheng Zhou,
Li Qiang,
Yang Tao,
Meng Changyuan,
Lu Zongshi,
Li Li,
Yan Zhencheng,
Liu Daoyan,
Zhu Zhiming
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the american heart association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.494
H-Index - 85
ISSN - 2047-9980
DOI - 10.1161/jaha.114.000929
Subject(s) - medicine , blood pressure , sympathetic nervous system , vasodilation , vasoconstriction , heart rate , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , stimulation , autonomic nervous system , anesthesia , cardiology
Background We investigated the hypothesis that the favorable effects of gastrointestinal ( GI ) intervention on hypertension ( HTN ) and cardiovascular ( CV ) disturbances are mediated by antagonizing overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system ( SNS ). Methods and Results Hypertensive patients with metabolic disturbances underwent laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR s) underwent RYGB or sham surgery. Blood pressure ( BP ), heart rate ( HR ), endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated dilation, and anthropometric as well as laboratory parameters were measured at baseline and during follow‐up. Changes of BP and HR in response to cold stress, renal sympathetic nervous activity ( RSNA ), vasoconstriction induced by electrical field stimulation, microinjection of nucleus of the solitary tract ( NTS ), and CV function and structure were examined in SHR s with or without surgery. Compared with baseline, BP and HR were significantly reduced in both hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and rats. Impaired endothelial‐dependent vasodilatation and metabolic disturbances in hypertensive patients were also ameliorated after surgery. CV disturbances were reversed by surgery in SHR s. Under acute cold exposure, the variations in BP and HR were smaller in surgically treated SHR s, compared to sham SHR s. RSNA and vasoconstriction induced by perivascular nerve stimulation as well as NTS ‐mediated changes of BP were decreased in surgically treated SHR s, compared to sham SHR . Weight loss did not affect BP and RSNA in sham SHR s. Conclusions GI intervention ameliorates HTN in both hypertensive patients and rats by inhibiting overdrive of the SNS . Therefore, targeting gastrointestine could be a novel strategy to treat HTN with metabolic disturbances.