Open AccessLifestyle Factors and Development and Natural Course of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review of the Literature
Author(s) -
Marit Bogaards,
Anne M. May,
Faduma A. Hassan,
Gerlof D. Valk,
Rachel S. van Leeuwaarde
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
neuroendocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.493
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1423-0194
pISSN - 0028-3835
DOI - 10.1159/000527741
Subject(s) - medicine , neuroendocrine tumors , diabetes mellitus , body mass index , disease , risk factor , oncology , gerontology , endocrinology
The rarity of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and their heterogeneous presentation complicate the identification of risk factors for their development and natural course. Several tumor-specific prognostic factors have been identified, but less attention has been given to lifestyle factors as risk and prognostic factors. This review aimed to identify studies on smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes and their association with the development and course of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP-) NETs.