Open AccessEarly Life Stress, Hormones, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Author(s) -
Gerasimos Makris,
Anna Eleftheriades,
Panagiota Pervanidou
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
hormone research in paediatrics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.816
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1663-2826
pISSN - 1663-2818
DOI - 10.1159/000523942
Subject(s) - autism spectrum disorder , psychology , subclinical infection , offspring , autism , neuropsychology , neurodevelopmental disorder , cognition , developmental psychology , early childhood , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , prenatal stress , clinical psychology , medicine , psychiatry , pregnancy , biology , genetics
Early life stress (ELS) describes a broad spectrum of adverse and stressful prenatal events, namely, prenatal maternal stress (PMS), or early postnatal events, which can have detrimental long-term influences on the physiology, cognition, and behavior of an individual. There is abundant evidence indicating that ELS exerts its lasting effects on the physical and mental health of the individual, likely acting through a number of mediating mechanisms, including the disruption of developmental programming of the fetus. Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are a group of conditions that typically manifest during infancy, childhood, or adolescence and are characterized by developmental deficits in various domains.