Open AccessNeuromyelitis Optica and Skin
Author(s) -
Laurent Miséry,
Steeve Genestet,
Fabien Zagnoli
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.224
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1421-9832
pISSN - 1018-8665
DOI - 10.1159/000522168
Subject(s) - neuromyelitis optica , medicine , transverse myelitis , optic neuritis , spectrum disorder , dermatology , multiple sclerosis , myelitis , aquaporin 4 , autoantibody , pediatrics , pathology , immunology , spinal cord , antibody , psychiatry
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and the presence of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Most relapses of neuromyelitis optica worsen over days and then slowly improve in the weeks or months after the maximum clinical deficit has been reached. However, recovery is usually incomplete. The diagnosis of the disease and attacks must be made as early as possible and require emergency treatment. Dermatologists can play a role in achieving this end. Neuropathic pruritus is common and can be used to diagnose neuromyelitis optica. Hence, the association of pruritus with optic neuropathy and some symptoms of transverse myelitis strongly suggest this diagnosis. Many autoimmune diseases can sometimes be associated with neuromyelitis optica. Patients with newly diagnosed skin infections or sexually transmitted diseases need to be informed that these infections could trigger a relapse of neuromyelitis optica.