Open AccessA Review of Functional Neuroimaging in People with Down Syndrome with and without Dementia
Author(s) -
Deinde Funmi,
Kotecha Jay,
Lau Lilian Suh Lih,
Bhattacharyya Sagnik,
Velayudhan Latha
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.787
H-Index - 16
ISSN - 1664-5464
DOI - 10.1159/000520880
Subject(s) - review article
Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of dementia which is difficult to diagnose in DS. Neuroimaging has been identified as a potential tool to aid diagnosis by detecting changes in brain function. We carried out a review comparing functional neuroimaging in DS individuals with and without dementia. Summary: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies. In DS subjects with dementia, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) studies showed glucose hypometabolism particularly in the parietal and/or temporal regions whilst magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed increased myoinositol and decreased N-acetylaspartate. Ligand-based PET studies revealed significant Pittsburgh compound B binding in DS subjects over the age of 40, particularly if they had dementia. Key Messages: Neuroimaging may aid the early detection of dementia in DS; however, further longitudinal studies are required.