The Association between Evidence-Based Healthcare Practices and Outcomes among Preterm Births in China

Very preterm infants are at high risk of early death or severe brain injury, with potential for impaired long-term neurodevelopmental function and physical health. There are evidence-based healthcare practices that can reduce the incidence. Materials and Methods: Infants born at 24–31 6 weeks gestational age and admitted within 24 h to NICUs participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network in 2019 were included. We examined the association between 4 evidence-based practices: inborn (born in a tertiary hospital in the Chinese Neonatal Network), ACS (any antenatal corticosteroid), MgSO 4 (prenatal magnesium sulfate), and NT (normothermic temperature [36.0–37.5°C] at admission) and early death and/or severe brain injury in the study population. Results: Of 6,035 eligible infants, the incidence of early death and/or severe brain injury was 10.6%. Exposure to ACS only was associated with significant lower incidence of death and/or severe brain injury than none (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.88), but not MgSO 4 only (aOR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.81–1.17), NT only (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.76–1.08), or inborn only (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.72–1.15). The association between number of practices and incidence of early death and/or severe brain injury is as follows: none = 23% (31/138), any 1 = 14% (84/592), any 2 = 12% (185/1,538), any 3 = 9% (202/2,285), and all 4 = 9% (140/1,482). Discussion/Conclusion: More comprehensive use of evidence-based practices was associated with improved survival without severe brain injury among very preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age.