Open AccessNew Insights in Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema
Author(s) -
Dante Akira Kondo Kuroiwa,
Fernando Korn Malerbi,
Caio V. Regatieri
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.639
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1423-0267
pISSN - 0030-3755
DOI - 10.1159/000516614
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetic macular edema , ranibizumab , vascular endothelial growth factor , macular edema , pathogenesis , edema , ophthalmology , diabetic retinopathy , neuroprotection , pharmacology , diabetes mellitus , vegf receptors , surgery , bevacizumab , endocrinology , chemotherapy , retinal
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic eyes, and due to the rapid rise in the number of diabetic patients, the treatment burden has increased exponentially. The introduction of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been a major breakthrough in the management of center-involving DME, replacing laser photocoagulation as the first-line treatment. Despite the improvement in DME treatment with anti-VEGF therapy, persistent DME remains a challenge due to the extremely complex pathogenesis and the involvement of several different biochemical pathways. This review focuses on therapeutic options for persistent DME, which include corticosteroids, laser, and surgery. Novel agents for DME control such as new anti-VEGF, interleukin inhibitor, Rho-kinase inhibitor, and neuroprotective agents that are being investigated are reviewed as well. Future treatment perspectives include an individualized DME management.