Open AccessTargeting the Intestinal Barrier to Prevent Gut-Derived Inflammation and Disease: A Role for Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase
Author(s) -
Florian Kühn,
Ruifeng Duan,
Matthias Ilmer,
Ulrike Wirth,
Fatemeh Adiliaghdam,
Tobias S. Schiergens,
Joachim Andrassy,
Alexandr V. Bazhin,
Jens Werner
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
visceral medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.598
H-Index - 17
eISSN - 2297-475X
pISSN - 2297-4725
DOI - 10.1159/000515910
Subject(s) - biology , alkaline phosphatase , gastrointestinal tract , barrier function , phosphatase , gut flora , intestinal mucosa , disease , immunology , enzyme , medicine , phosphorylation , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , biochemistry
Background: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) as a tissue-specific isozyme of alkaline phosphatases is predominantly produced by enterocytes in the proximal small intestine. In recent years, an increasing number of pathologies have been identified to be associated with an IAP deficiency, making it very worthwhile to review the various roles, biological functions, and potential therapeutic aspects of IAP. Summary: IAP primarily originates and acts in the intestinal tract but affects other organs through specific biological axes related to its fundamental roles such as promoting gut barrier function, dephosphorylation/detoxification of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and regulation of gut microbiota. Key Messages: Numerous studies reporting on the different roles and the potential therapeutic value of IAP across species have been published during the last decade. While IAP deficiency is linked to varying degrees of physiological dysfunctions across multiple organ systems, the supplementation of IAP has been proven to be beneficial in several translational and clinical studies. The increasing evidence of the salutary functions of IAP underlines the significance of the naturally occurring brush border enzyme.