Open AccessA Scoping Review of Current Guidelines on Dietary Fat and Fat Quality
Author(s) -
Lukas Schwingshackl,
Jasmin Zähringer,
Jessica Beyerbach,
Sarah S Werner,
Blin Nagavci,
H. Heseker,
Berthold Koletzko,
Joerg J Meerpohl
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
annals of nutrition and metabolism
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.926
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1421-9697
pISSN - 0250-6807
DOI - 10.1159/000515671
Subject(s) - dietary fat , saturated fat , polyunsaturated fatty acid , medicine , polyunsaturated fat , zoology , food science , cholesterol , chemistry , biochemistry , biology , fatty acid
We conducted a scoping review of dietary guidelines with the intent of developing a position paper by the “IUNS Task force on Dietary Fat Quality” tasked to summarize the available evidence and provide the basis for dietary recommendations. Methods: We systematically searched several databases and Web sites for relevant documents published between 2015 and 2019. Results: Twenty documents were included. Quantitative range intake recommendations for daily total fat intake included boundaries from 20 to 35% of total energy intake (TEI), for monounsaturated fat (MUFA) 10–25%, for polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) 6–11%, for saturated-fat (SFA) ≤11–≤7%, for industrial trans-fat (TFA) ≤2–0%, and <300–<200 mg/d for dietary cholesterol. The methodological approaches to grade the strength of recommendations were heterogeneous, and varied highly between the included guidelines. Only the World Health Organization applied the GRADE approach and graded the following recommendation as “strong”: to reduce SFA to below 10%, and TFA to below 1% and replace both with PUFA if SFA intake is greater than 10% of TEI. Conclusion: Although the methodological approaches of the dietary guidelines were heterogeneous, most of them recommend total fat intakes of 30–≤35% of TEI, replacement of SFA with PUFA and MUFA, and avoidance of industrial TFA.