Open AccessAmnioinfusions to Treat Early Onset Anhydramnios Caused by Renal Anomalies: Background and Rationale for the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy Trial
Author(s) -
Elizabeth O’Hare,
Angie C. Jelin,
Jena L. Miller,
Rodrigo Ruano,
Meredith A. Atkinson,
Ahmet Baschat,
Eric B. Jelin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
fetal diagnosis and therapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.976
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1421-9964
pISSN - 1015-3837
DOI - 10.1159/000497472
Subject(s) - medicine , pulmonary hypoplasia , fetus , anuria , intensive care medicine , dialysis , pregnancy , renal agenesis , pediatrics , kidney , surgery , genetics , biology
Anhydramnios caused by early anuria is thought to be universally fatal due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Bilateral renal agenesis and early fetal renal failure leading to anhydramnios constitute early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA). There have been successful reports of amnioinfusions to promote lung growth in the setting of EPRA. Some of these successfully treated EPRA fetuses have survived the neonatal period, undergone successful dialysis, and subsequently received a kidney transplant. Conversely, there are no reports of untreated EPRA survivors. This early success of amnioinfusions to treat EPRA justifies a rigorous prospective trial. The objective of this study is to provide a review of what is known about fetal therapy for EPRA and describe the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy trial. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and genetics of EPRA. Furthermore, we have performed systematic review of case reports of treated EPRA. We describe the ethical framework, logistical challenges, and rationale for the current single center (NCT03101891) and planned multicenter trial.