Open AccessStaphylococcus aureus α-Toxin Induces Inflammatory Cytokines via Lysosomal Acid Sphingomyelinase and Ceramides
Author(s) -
Jie Ma,
Erich Gulbins,
Michael J. Edwards,
Charles C. Caldwell,
Martin Fraunholz,
Katrin Anne Becker
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
cellular physiology and biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.486
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1421-9778
pISSN - 1015-8987
DOI - 10.1159/000484296
Subject(s) - staphylococcus aureus , microbiology and biotechnology , acid sphingomyelinase , ceramide , sphingomyelin , toxin , proinflammatory cytokine , chemistry , microbial toxins , sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase , sphingolipid , inflammation , biology , bacteria , immunology , biochemistry , apoptosis , cholesterol , genetics
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are a major clinical problem and range from mild skin and soft-tissue infections to severe and even lethal infections such as pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis, osteomyelitis, and toxic shock syndrome. Toxins that are released from S. aureus mediate many of these effects. Here, we aimed to identify molecular mechanisms how α-toxin, a major S. aureus toxin, induces inflammation.