Open AccessImmunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Cross Talks between Inflammation and Coagulation
Author(s) -
Frantzeska Frantzeskaki,
Apostolos Armaganidis,
Stylianos E. Orfanos
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
respiration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.264
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1423-0356
pISSN - 0025-7931
DOI - 10.1159/000453002
Subject(s) - ards , medicine , inflammation , pathophysiology , sepsis , diffuse alveolar damage , disseminated intravascular coagulation , coagulation , fibrin , neutrophil extracellular traps , lung , pathology , respiratory failure , pulmonary edema , immunology , acute respiratory distress
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as a syndrome of acute onset, with bilateral opacities on chest imaging and respiratory failure not caused by cardiac failure, leading to mild, moderate, or severe oxygenation impairment. The syndrome is most commonly a manifestation of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction, characterized by disruption of endothelial barrier integrity and diffuse lung damage. Imbalance between coagulation and inflammation is a predominant characteristic of ARDS, leading to extreme inflammatory response and diffuse fibrin deposition in vascular capillary bed and alveoli. Activated platelets, neutrophils, endothelial cells, neutrophil extracellular traps, microparticles, and coagulation proteases, participate in the complex process of immunothrombosis, which is a key event in ARDS pathophysiology. The present review is focused on the elucidation of immunothrombosis in ARDS and the potential therapeutic implications.