Open AccessProtoporphyrin IX Induces a Necrotic Cell Death in Human THP-1 Macrophages through Activation of Reactive Oxygen Species/c-Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase Pathway and Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Author(s) -
Xu Hq,
Yan Sun,
Yun Zhang,
Wei Wang,
Juhua Dan,
Jianting Yao,
Haibo Chen,
Fang Tian,
Xin Sun,
Shuyuan Guo,
Zhen Tian,
Ye Tian
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
cellular physiology and biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.486
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1421-9778
pISSN - 1015-8987
DOI - 10.1159/000366383
Subject(s) - mitochondrial permeability transition pore , programmed cell death , chemistry , reactive oxygen species , viability assay , apoptosis , microbiology and biotechnology , kinase , protoporphyrin ix , protein kinase a , biochemistry , biology , photodynamic therapy , organic chemistry
Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and its derivatives are widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to kill cancer cells. Studies showed that the application of these drugs could cause systemic toxic effects in human. However, the molecular pathways involved in PpIX-induced cytotoxicity are not well-defined. Macrophages represent the primary system for protecting tissues from toxicants and initiating the resolution of inflammation. Thus, this study aims to investigate the toxicity of PpIX on macrophages and provide strategies to prevent the toxic effects.