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Background   The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacies of ( C. langsdorffii ) dental varnish in children at high risk of dental caries..Methods   This is a longitudinal, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ninety high-risk caries-free children (ICDAS II = 0) were recruited and randomly divided into three groups:  C. langsdorffii , chlorhexidine, or fluoride. The varnishes were applied on the second deciduous molars for three times: baseline (D0), after 90 days (D90), and after 180 days (D180). Saliva was collected on D0, D90, D180, and D360 to evaluate  S. mutans  reduction. Statistics were carried out by ANOVA, Tukey's test, and the paired  t -test.Results   Copaiba varnish demonstrated significant  S. mutans  reduction: D360 versus D0 ( p  < 0.0001), D180 versus D0 ( p  < 0.001), D360 versus D90 ( p  < 0.001), D180 versus D90 ( p  < 0.001), and D360 versus D180 ( p  < 0.05). Chlorhexidine varnish significantly reduced  S. mutans  at D180 versus D0 ( p  < 0.05). Fluoride reduced at D180 versus D0 ( p  < 0.001).Conclusions   Three annual applications of this varnish showed substantial antimicrobial activity against  S. mutans  and caries prevention for up to 12 months.

Clinical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Dental Varnish in Children: A Clinical Study