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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that predominates, nowadays. It causes hyperglycemia and consequently major health complications. Type II diabetes is the most common form and is a result of insulin resistance in the target tissues. To treat this disease, several mechanisms have been proposed. The most direct route is via inhibiting the intestinal enzymes, e.g.,  α -glucosidase and  α -amylase, responsible for intestinal polysaccharide digestion that therefore would reduce the absorption of monosugars through the intestinal walls. In this study, we shed the light on this route by testing the inhibitory effect of  Ocimum basilicum  extract on the enzymes  α -glucosidase and  α -amylase  in vitro  and  in silico . Experimental procedures were performed to test the effect of the  O. basilicum  methanol extract from aerial parts followed by the  in silico  docking. 500  μ g/mL of the extract led to 70.2% ± 8.6 and 25.4% ± 3.3 inhibition on  α -glucosidase and  α -amylase activity, respectively. Similarly, the effect of caffeic acid, a major extract ingredient, was also tested, and it caused 42.7% ± 3.0 and 47.1% ± 4.0 inhibition for  α -amylase and  α -glucosidase, respectively. Docking experiments were performed to predict the phytochemicals responsible for this robust inhibitory activity in the  O. basilicum  extracts. Several compounds have shown variable levels of inhibition, e.g., caffeic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and uvasol. The results indicated that  O. basilicum  can be a potent antidiabetic drug.

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation for the Inhibitory Action of O. basilicum Methanol Extract on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase