Open AccessSituation-Based Survey of Avian Influenza Viruses in Possible “Bridge” Species of Wild and Domestic Birds in Nigeria
Author(s) -
Vakuru Columba Teru,
Shiiwua A. Manu,
Gashash I. Ahmed,
Junaidu Kabir,
Scott H. Newman,
Joseph Nyager,
Vivian N. Iwar,
Gideon Mbrusa Mshelbwala,
Tony M. Joannis,
Junaidu A. Maina,
Paul T. Apeverga
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
influenza research and treatment
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2090-1399
pISSN - 2090-1380
DOI - 10.1155/2012/567601
Subject(s) - influenza a virus subtype h5n1 , embryonated , biology , highly pathogenic , veterinary medicine , influenza a virus , zoology , confidence interval , virology , virus , medicine
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1 subtype) recurred in Nigeria after 9 months period of no reported case. A critical look at possible sources of the re-occurrence was desirable. The objective of this study was to determine whether avian influenza viruses were present at reasonably detectable levels (0.5%) in possible “bridge” species of wild and domestic birds. The study was conducted in 8 Nigerian states. A total of 403 birds from 40 species were sampled. Virus isolation was done in embryonated chicken eggs according to standard protocols. The test results were all negative for avian influenza viruses. The overall confidence interval (CI) calculated in R using the exact binomial confidence interval function was 0–0.007406. Tawny Eagle ( Aquila rapax ) was the lowest sampled 0.3% (1/403) and Red-billed Firefinch ( Lagonosticta senegala ) the highest 11.7% (47/403). The limitations of the sample size and possibly designing effects on the study, as to make concrete conclusions were acknowledged. Species of wild birds, so identified in the study could be useful in future surveys. Furthermore, multidisciplinary and community oriented approach, blending targeted and passive surveillances was suggested. This approach was envisaged to bring about wider coverage of “bridge” species and clearer insight of their possible roles in avian influenza re-occurrences and spread in Nigeria.