Open AccessMechanisms of deep brain stimulation
Author(s) -
Todd M. Herrington,
Jennifer J. Cheng,
Emad N. Eskandar
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of neurophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.302
H-Index - 245
eISSN - 1522-1598
pISSN - 0022-3077
DOI - 10.1152/jn.00281.2015
Subject(s) - deep brain stimulation , neuroscience , dystonia , neurochemical , essential tremor , neuroplasticity , stimulation , movement disorders , neurogenesis , psychology , neuroprotection , mechanism (biology) , parkinson's disease , brain stimulation , medicine , disease , philosophy , epistemology , pathology
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely acts via several, nonexclusive mechanisms including local and network-wide electrical and neurochemical effects of stimulation, modulation of oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity, and, potentially, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These different mechanisms vary in importance depending on the condition being treated and the target being stimulated. Here we review each of these in turn and illustrate how an understanding of these mechanisms is inspiring next-generation approaches to DBS.